This year, the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to Professor Claudia Goldin, a researcher who has spent her career studying women’s labour market outcomes. By analysing the evolution of the female labour force over the past 200 years, she has provided insights into crucial factors of women’s emancipation.

Goldin’s research extends beyond historical analysis; it also illuminates the reasons behind the enduring gender pay gap in developed economies. While the gap has significantly decreased over time, largely owing to women achieving parity with men in education and career opportunities, it still persists due to the non-linear relationship between earnings and hours worked in many occupations. Post-childbirth, women are more inclined to seek flexible work hours or reduce their working hours, resulting in reduced income and contributing to the enduring gender pay gap.